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In this long-term, large-scale, low-cost trial, after a mean of 8.0 years of treatment and follow-up in 14,641 men, neither vitamin E nor vitamin C supplementation reduced the risk of prostate or total cancer. There was also no clear effect of either agent on other site-specific cancers. It is reassuring that there was not a clear signal of harm for either agent. These data provide no support for the use of these supplements in the prevention of cancer in middle-aged and older men. Results of the multivitamin arm of the PHS II will be forthcoming in several years.
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Selenium or vitamin E, alone or in combination at the doses and formulations used, did not prevent prostate cancer in this population of relatively healthy men.
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